Abstract: With the overall amount of hazardous waste generation and storage showing an increasing trend year by year, and in the context of increasing attention to environmental protection and public safety, the disposal of hazardous waste has become a problem of concern to all parties. Traditional solid waste treatment technologies such as incineration and landfill often have problems such as low efficiency and high risk of secondary pollution when dealing with hazardous waste. In comparison, plasma technology is considered a promising disposal method for hazardous waste due to its high temperature, high energy density and complete decomposition of harmful substances. Introduced are the emission characteristics of pollutants and the current research status of plasma technology in the disposal of typical hazardous wastes such as waste incineration fly ash, medical waste, and radioactive waste. A review of the emission characteristics of conventional pollutants such as particulate matter, CO, NO_x, SO_x, HCl, the solidification characteristics of heavy metals, and the emission characteristics of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) such as dioxins, and the related research on the control process is presented. Meanwhile, the advantages and challenges of plasma technology for hazardous waste disposal are summarised, and its potential for resourceful and environmentally sound solid waste disposal is highlighted. Important theoretical foundations and practical guidance are provided for hazardous waste disposal.