Abstract: To scientifically evaluate the true environmental performance of China’s hydrogen fuel cell industry under the “dual carbon” goals and overcome the limitations of existing research, which heavily relies on foreign databases and lacks consideration of spatial heterogeneity, this study established a localized carbon emission assessment model integrating Geographic Information System （GIS） and Life Cycle Assessment （LCA）. The carbon emissions in five stages including raw material production, transportation, assembly, usage and recycling after scrapping was calculated. The carbon footprints of PEMFC under four different hydrogen production pathways which were coal gasification, methane reforming, purification of industrial by-products and green electricity - water electrolysis were compared. The calculation results based on a functional unit of 80 kW rated power showed that the base carbon emissions excluding usage phase are 1 198.57 kg CO₂-eq, with the raw material production stage contributing 66.26%. The production of platinum was the largest emission source in this stage, accounting for 30.73% of the base carbon emissions. When considering the indirect carbon emissions from different hydrogen sources, the usage phase becomes the dominant link in the total carbon emissions. It was the highest when the hydrogen for fuel cells was produced through coal gasification, reaching 28 698 kg CO₂-eq, followed by that from CH₄ reforming of 14 948 kg CO₂-eq. When hydrogen is sourced from green electricity - water electrolysis, the carbon emissions was the lowest of 4 848 kg CO₂-eq, making the total carbon emissions under this path only 16.9% of those from coal gasification hydrogen production.