Abstract: During hydrogen storage in metal hydride hydrogen storage reactors, the low thermal conductivity of the hydrogen storage alloy results in delayed internal heat dissipation, prolonging the hydrogen storage time and limiting its engineering application. To solve the problems of heat and mass transfer limitations and dynamic response lag in existing metal hydride hydrogen storage reactors, this paper focuses on the dynamic hydrogen storage characteristics and structural optimization of the reactor. A numerical model coupling heat and mass transfer with chemical reactions was established, and the dynamic evolution laws of temperature field, pressure field, and hydrogen storage capacity during the hydrogen storage process were obtained. In order to improve the hydrogen storage performance, the method of increasing the thermal conductivity of the hydrogen storage alloy or internally enhancing heat transfer was adopted. This paper designs a new structure of biomimetic honeycomb and spiral tube that only increases the thermal conductivity of the hydrogen storage alloy and enhances heat transfer inside the reactor, and conducts optimization design research on the structure of the hydrogen storage reactor. The research results show that the new structure of the hydrogen storage reactor proposed in this paper has excellent hydrogen storage performance: compared with the alloy with a thermal conductivity of 12 W/（m · K）, the hydrogen storage time for 90% is shortened by less than 50%. Compared to infrastructure, the time required for 90% hydrogen storage has decreased by approximately 84%; As the convective heat transfer coefficient inside the spiral tube increases significantly, it approaches saturation when the flow velocity exceeds 1 m/s; As the thermal conductivity of the honeycomb partition increases, it steadily improves, but the magnitude of the increase is relatively small; Under varying initial temperature and hydrogen supply pressure conditions, the hydrogen storage performance remains stable at 84% without degradation. The new structural design of the hydrogen storage reactor significantly shortens the thermal conductivity distance while providing a larger heat exchange area and internal cooling source. This study provides theoretical basis and technical support for the engineering design and performance improvement of metal hydride hydrogen storage reactors, which is of great significance for promoting the large-scale application of hydrogen energy.