Abstract: In the context of "carbon peak and carbon neutrality", coal-fired fluidized bed boilers coupled with biomass combustion technology have emerged as a key strategy to promote the low-carbon transformation of coal power, attracting widespread attention. This paper presents an overview of the current status and research progress of coal-fired fluidized bed boilers coupled with biomass combustion technology for power generation, summarizes challenges such as biomass pretreatment, precise measurement, ash accumulation, slagging, corrosion, and pollutant emissions during co-combustion, and puts forward corresponding countermeasures. It focuses on the research progress of numerical simulation of coal-fired fluidized bed boiler coupled biomass combustion, systematically summarizing the application of mathematical models and numerical simulation research methods. In the numerical simulation research of biomass co-combustion with coal in fluidized bed boilers, the analysis and calculation of gas-solid two-phase flow are crucial. The two primary models used to analyze gas-solid two-phase flow are the Euler‒Euler model and the Euler‒Lagrange model. The methods of Computational Fluid Dynamics, Computational Fluid Dynamics-Discrete Element Method, Multiphase Particle-in-Cell, and Computational Particle Fluid Dynamics are all based on these two models. Systematic Simulation, on the other hand, relies on general process simulation software to emphasize on the comprehensive analysis of the system. The current numerical simulation research on the coal-fired fluidized bed boiler coupled with biomass combustion is still immature. In an effort to perform an accurate and efficient numerical simulation study, more research needs to be further explored in terms of reasonable simplification of the geometric model, selection of suitable mathematical models and numerical simulation research methods, and optimization and improvement of the simulation method.