Abstract: Gas separation membrane technology, with its low energy consumption, phase-change-free process, and environmental friendliness, has become an alternative to traditional separation techniques. Amid the "carbon neutrality" strategy, developing efficient carbon capture tech is crucial for mitigating climate change. Metal - organic frameworks （MOFs）, boasting unique structural designability and functional diversity, offer a new approach for creating high - performance mixed matrix membranes （MMMs） and show potential in breaking the "Trade - off" limit.This paper comprehensively analyzes the research progress of MOF - based MMMs. By integrating MOFs, with their tunable pore structures, ultra - high specific surface areas, and multifunctionality, with polymer matrices, the performance limits of polymer membranes can be surpassed. It first explains the basic principles of gas separation membranes and the physicochemical properties of MOFs, then delves into the design concept of MOF - based MMMs. The focus is on their performance, precisely adjustable pore size distribution, and CO₂ selective adsorption mechanism. For carbon capture applications, it contrasts and reviews the structure - property relationships of three major MOF classes: ZIF, UiO, and MIL.By comparing preparation processes like solution casting, in - situ growth, and interfacial polymerization, the paper reveals key pathways in constructing MOFs - MMMs. Using core metrics like CO₂ permeability and selectivity coefficients, it analyzes critical challenges such as interfacial defect formation and nanoparticle aggregation. The paper also sums up the latest breakthroughs in anti - aging membrane design and cost evaluation for scaled - up production. Meanwhile, it points out issues in MOFs' large - scale application, including high synthesis costs, insufficient long - term stability, and poor organic - inorganic interface compatibility. Finally, the paper suggests that future advancements in MOFs - MMMs technology require collaboration across materials science, chemical engineering, and environmental technology to facilitate industrialization and provide cutting - edge gas separation solutions for climate change mitigation.