Abstract: Hydrogen energy, as a secondary energy source, possesses significant advantages such as abundant availability, environmental friendliness, wide-ranging applications, and high efficiency with low carbon emissions. It is widely regarded as an ideal clean energy. With the continuous growth of global energy demand and the escalating environmental challenges, the development and utilization of hydrogen energy have become increasingly important. Moreover, as a clean energy, hydrogen has immense development potential; it can be applied not only in transportation, industrial production, and household energy supply but also in various sectors such as the chemical and metallurgical industries. The development of hydrogen energy has become a key approach to addressing climate change, reducing greenhouse gas emissions, achieving energy transformation, and promoting sustainable development globally. Biomass, as a renewable energy source, is widely available in nature and offers advantages such as abundant resources, carbon neutrality, and environmental friendliness. It is one of the key sources for hydrogen production. Biomass-based hydrogen production technology aligns with the concept of resource recycling and can help reduce dependence on fossil fuels and lower environmental pollution. In this context, this paper reviews the development of biomass and its waste-based hydrogen production technologies, introduces several different biomass and waste hydrogen production methods, and summarizes the reaction mechanisms of these technologies. It also analyzes the main factors influencing the hydrogen production process and hydrogen storage technologies. Biomass hydrogen production technology is a viable and promising alternative. Research indicates that scholars both domestically and internationally have conducted extensive studies on the hydrogen production efficiency, catalysts, and reactors of various types of biomass, yet many technological bottlenecks remain. Furthermore, in response to the challenges of large-scale hydrogen energy applications, the development of diversified hydrogen storage integration technologies is expected to be a key trend for future advancements.