Abstract: Fluidized bed reactors （FBRs）, with their superior heat/mass transfer efficiency, operational flexibility, and scalability, have emerged as a cornerstone technology for carbon capture and storage （CCS） and industrial decarbonization. This review comprehensively analyzes the advancements of FBR applications across pre-, mid-, and post-combustion carbon capture stages. In pre-combustion, FBRs enable efficient fuel gasification into syngas, enhanced by calcium-based adsorbents for CO₂ separation; mid-combustion techniques, including oxy-fuel combustion and chemical looping combustion （CLC）, leverage fluidization dynamics to achieve flue gas CO₂ concentration exceeding 80%; post-combustion capture relies on calcium looping （CaL） and alkali-based adsorbent cycles, capitalizing on FBRs’ continuous operation for high-efficiency CO₂ adsorption-regeneration. Innovations integrat- ing solar and electric heating further expand FBRs’ decarbonization potential: solar-driven calcination coupled with CaL reduces CO₂ emissions from fossil fuel combustion and decreases energy consumption by 30%, while electric heating offers precise temperature control for zero-carbon processes like biomass gasification and cement calcination. However, challenges persist in scaling FBRs, including adsorbent degradation （e.g., 40% activity loss in CaO after 10 cycles resulted from the collapse of pore structure and surface passivation）, equipment erosion （SiC coatings reduce wear by 70% but require optimization）, high energy demands （calcination at 900−950 ℃）, and process integration complexities （e.g., dynamic coordination in CLC multi-reactor systems and circulation factor of oxygen carriers）. To achieve carbon neutrality, future research must prioritize: ① developing stable adsorbents （e.g., nano-modified CaO, MOFs）; ② designing multi-stage reactors （e.g., bubbling-transport coupled systems） for optimized mass/heat transfer; ③ integrating CFD multi-scale modeling with AI-driven real-time control; and ④ fostering cross-disciplinary innovations, such as plasma heating and microwave-assisted regeneration. Policy support should focus on carbon pricing mechanisms, pilot funding, and international standardization. By synergizing renewables, smart technologies, and material science, FBRs could drive deep decarbonization in power, cement, and steel industries, offering an economically viable and sustainable pathway for global energy transition.