Abstract: Under the "dual-carbon" goals, coal-fired power is rapidly transitioning from baseload to flexible peak-shaving sources. Balancing high efficiency, clean generation, and deep carbon reduction under strict deep peak-shaving constraints poses a major technical challenge. Co-firing with zero-carbon, hydrogen-rich ammonia (NH3) has emerged as an effective pathway for rapid carbon mitigation in coal infrastructure. However, NH3 utilization risks combustion instability and elevated NOx emissions. Circulating fluidized bed (CFB) boilers, with their intermediate-temperature operation and massive thermal capacity, are inherently compatible to overcome the ignition and flame stabilization bottlenecks of low-reactivity NH3. This paper reviews research progress on NH3/coal co-firing characteristics, fuel-nitrogen migration, and multiphase reaction kinetics under fluidized bed conditions, focusing on how temperature, oxygen gradients, NH3 blending ratios, and spatial injection strategies regulate NO and N2O evolution. Literature indicates that while NH3/coal co-firing effectively reduces carbon emissions, it faces bottlenecks such as localized reducing atmosphere imbalances ("thermal migration" distortion), non-linear competition in precursor decomposition pathways, and ambiguous boundaries for heterogeneous catalytic denitrification by bed materials. Optimizing the primary air ratio to 0.58~0.80 and implementing high-velocity jet injection (2.4 m/s) at the dense-to-transition zone interface creates a localized fuel-rich zone, triggering NH3 self-reduction for simultaneous NO and N2O abatement. Future work must integrate macro-scale flow-field thermal dynamics with simplified multiphase kinetics, alongside assessing secondary issues like back-end acid corrosion and ammonium salt adsorption on ash, to support the green transition and large-scale application of large-capacity CFB boilers.