Abstract: Coalbed methane (CBM), as an important unconventional natural gas resource, plays a significant role in optimizing China’s energy structure and contributing to environmental protection. A systematic analysis of the current status of comprehensive CBM utilization technologies in China is provided. It explores the main utilization pathways based on different methane concentrations, including power generation, heating, and residential use for high-concentration CBM, as well as oxidation recovery and co-combustion for low-concentration CBM. Furthermore, the paper details the technical, economic, and environmental challenges faced in the comprehensive utilization process, such as low extraction rates and single technological pathways. Based on this, it discusses the trends in technological development and proposes specific suggestions for improving the utilization efficiency of CBM, aiming to provide a reference for the efficient development of China’s CBM industry.