Abstract: The promotion of biomass stoves in rural areas represents a crucial step in the implementation of a rural revitalization strategy and the advancement of clean heating practices in northern rural regions. Nevertheless, household stoves in rural areas continue to encounter challenges, including low combustion temperature and poor combustion stability. In order to address these issues, this study evaluates the impact on combustion from three distinct perspectives: the types of fuel employed, the ratios of primary and secondary air supply, and the excess air coefficients. The study selected three common biomass fuels for analysis: corn, poplar, and rosewood. Four primary to secondary air supply ratios (5∶5, 6∶4, 7∶3, 4∶6) and four excess air coefficients (1, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3) were subjected to experimental testing. The results demonstrated that rosewood exhibited the most optimal combustion temperature and high-temperature duration, thus being designated as the premium fuel. The experiment revealed that when the primary to secondary air supply ratio was 6∶4 and the excess air coefficient was 1.2, the fuel combustion temperature was the highest and combustion stability was the most stable. The findings of this study serve as a valuable reference for subsequent optimization of the combustion environment in biomass stoves.