Abstract: The large-scale utilization of coal gangue solid waste has always been one of the key issues to be solved in the field of environmental protection. Based on this, this article uses the composite technology of coal gangue ceramic particles and epoxy resin to prepare coal gangue/epoxy resin composite materials through a molding process. The influence of coal gangue content on the structure, mechanical properties, and structural morphology of epoxy resin composites was investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), mechanical testing machine, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and dynamic mechanical analyzer (DMA). The results show that the calcined coal gangue is mainly composed of mullite, cordierite, etc. The metal oxides in coal gangue strongly interact with the polar groups in epoxy resin, causing the infrared absorption peak to shift towards lower wavenumbers. The bending strength of epoxy resin composite materials increases with the increase of coal gangue content, and reaches the highest value (90 MPa) at 80%; SEM confirms that coal gangue and epoxy resin have good interfacial properties, but excessive coal gangue can cause a large number of pores to appear at the internal interface of the material; The DMA experiment showed that the storage modulus of the composite material increased with the increase of coal gangue content, reaching its highest value at 80%, and then began to decrease. The variation of loss factor with temperature indicates that the addition of coal gangue leads to a decrease in the glass transition temperature of epoxy resin composite materials from 60 ℃ to 57 ℃; When the content of coal gangue is less than 85%, the composite material has a lower water absorption rate (about 0.1%) that meets national standards.