Abstract: The Yellow River Basin is an important energy basin in our country, rich in coal resources, but relatively short of water resources. The mine water produced by coal mining is a very valuable unconventional water resource. To maximize the utilization of mine water is an important embodiment of the implementation of "water production". Based on the field investigation in typical areas, the paper analyzes the water quality characteristics of mine water in the Yellow River Basin. There are different types of mine water with high salinity, clean mine water, acid mine water, mine water with special components and mine water with suspended matter in the Yellow River basin. The treatment technology of mine water with high salinity, mine water with special components and mine water with suspended matter is analyzed and introduced. At present, mine water is mainly used for mine water, and the comprehensive utilization rate is low. Considering that the water quality of mine water treated in the future can basically meet the surface Grade III water standard, it is expected to provide water resources guarantee for surrounding industrial and agricultural water in the future. Suggestions on optimal allocation and comprehensive utilization of mine water in the Yellow River basin are put forward based on the current situation of mine water treatment and utilization, in order to realize the carrying capacity of water resources in line with the industrial development of the Yellow River Basin of the Group, and help the ecological protection and high quality of the Yellow River basin.