Abstract: In order to obtain the wear condition of the superheater pipe of coal-fired boiler with the fly ash erosion and realize the simulation calculation and optimization of the wear model on the superheater pipe, the flue model with full-size and complete superheater pipe with the separation screen is constructed, and the improved relationship between the impact Angle and the wear amount is written into a user-defined function and substituted into AnsysFluent for simulation. The wear distribution and other information of different pipes under different wear conditions are analyzed. The results show that the pipes at the edge of the front and rear walls are in the worst wear area, especially in the back flow area. However, when the particle size of fly ash is too large, the wear rate of the wall surface not directly washed by the flue gas inside the pipeline may decrease due to the influence of turbulence and gravity. The larger the flue gas velocity or mass flow rate, the greater the change of pipe wear rate affected by the particle size.