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    兰炭和秸秆掺混燃料热重分析及动力学研究

    Thermogravimetric analysis and kinetic study on blended fuel of semi-coke and straw

    • 摘要: 现有兰炭具有高固定碳、低灰、低硫、低磷等优点,但其挥发分低,着火缓慢。在兰炭燃料中掺混少量生物质可有效改善其燃烧性能,减少燃煤污染物排放,优化生物质秸秆的利用现状。通过热重分析法分别研究了3种兰炭、麦秆和玉米秆单独及混合燃料的燃烧特性,分析了掺混样品种类和掺混比例对混合燃料着火温度、燃尽温度、燃烧特性指数和热释放速率等的影响,并确定了最佳掺混比例。结果表明:兰炭与秸秆掺混后的燃烧效果与掺混样种类及掺混比例密切相关。5种样品中燃烧性能从大到小依次是麦秆、玉米秆、府谷兰炭、大同兰炭和包头兰炭,府谷兰炭掺混玉米秆后燃烧特性优于其他掺混燃料,燃料的着火温度和燃尽温度相比兰炭原样分别降低了约200 ℃和40 ℃,综合燃烧特性指数是原样的1.5倍左右。在府谷兰炭/秸秆掺混比为8∶2时,着火特性指数仅为0.625,小于原样的0.979,此时第1波峰实际值也小于理论模拟值,混合燃料对低温段秸秆的挥发分析出有抑制作用,随着秸秆掺混比例增大,促进作用大于抑制作用,第1个波峰迁移且增大,第2个波峰减小,掺混比为6∶4时,第2个波峰处出现短暂增大,可能是由于秸秆占比增大,裂解出大量易燃半焦导致燃烧短时间加速。兰炭中掺混一定比例秸秆,有利于减少燃料主要燃烧阶段的活化能,但随掺混比例的增加其燃烧性能提升有限,掺混比为6∶4时,府谷兰炭活化能下降近36 kJ/mol。府谷兰炭和玉米秆掺混比例约7∶3时,混合燃料的释热率明显高于其他掺混比,结合其燃烧特性发现此时燃烧效果最好。

       

      Abstract: The existing semi-coke has the advantages of high fixed carbon, low ash, low sulfur and low phosphorus, but it has low volatile and slow ignition. Adding a small amount of biomass into the semi-coke fuel can effectively improve its combustion performance, reduce the emission of coal-fired pollutants, and optimize the utilization status of biomass straw. In this paper, the combustion characteristics of three kinds of semi-coke, wheat straw and corn stalk alone and mixed fuels were studied by thermogravimetric analysis. The effects of the types of mixed samples and mixing ratio on the ignition temperature, burnout temperature, combustion characteristic index and heat release rate of mixed fuels were analyzed. The optimal mixing ratio was determined. The results show that the combustion effect of the mixed fuel is closely related to the type and proportion of the mixed fuel. The combustion properties of the five samples are wheat stalk, corn stalk, Fugu semi-coke(SC1),Datong semi-coke(SC3) and Inner Mongolia semi-coke(SC2),in descending order. The combustion properties of SC1 mixed with corn stalk are better than those of other mixed fuels. Compared with the original sample, the ignition temperature and burnout temperature of the fuel are reduced by about 200 ℃ and 40 ℃,respectively, and the comprehensive combustion characteristic index is about 1.5 times of the original sample. When the mixing ratio of SC1/straw is 8∶2,the ignition characteristic index is only 0.625,which is lower than the original sample′s ignition characteristic index(0.979). The actual value of the first wave peak is also less than the theoretical simulation value. The mixed fuel has inhibitory effect on the volatilization analysis of straw in the low temperature section. With the increase of the straw mixing ratio, the promoting effect is greater than the inhibiting effect. The first wave peak migrates and increases, while the second wave peak decreases. When the mixing ratio is 6∶4,there is a brief increase at the second wave peak. It is possible that the increase in the proportion of straw and the cracking of a large amount of flammable semi-coke results in the acceleration of combustion in a short time. Mixing a certain proportion of straw in the semi-coke is beneficial to reduce the activation energy of the fuel in the main combustion stage, but the improvement of combustion performance is limited with the increase of the mixing proportion. When the mixing ratio of SC1 and corn stover is 6∶4,the activation energy of SC1 is reduced by 36 kJ/mol. When the mixing ratio of SC1 and corn straw is 7∶3,the heat release rate of the blended fuel is significantly higher than that of other blended fuels. Combined with its combustion characteristics, it can be found that the fuel with this mixture ratio has the best combustion effect.

       

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