Abstract: In recent years, the environmental impact assessment of coal power production industry in China has made some progress, but it mainly focuses on evaluating the impact of conventional pollutants, while the emission impact of unconventional gaseous organic pollutants has been neglected, resulting in underestimation of the harm to human health and the ecological environment. In order to study the environmental impact of gaseous organic pollutant emissions from coal-fired power plants, using the method of life cycle assessment(LCA), the energy and material consumption data list of gaseous organic pollutants emitted from typical 300 MW supercritical coal-fired units in China was compiled in detail by using Gabi software modeling, field data collection and literature data research, and the emission list results and life cycle environmental impact were comprehensively evaluated. The results show that the total amount of gaseous organic pollutants in the life cycle of 300 MW coal-fired power plant in 2017 is about 9.99×10~(-3) kg/MWh. Among them, the emissions from coal-fired power generation system are 3.87×10~(-3) kg/MWh, accounting for 38.69% of the total emissions. The indirect emissions from coal-fired power generation are 1.64 times of direct emissions, accounting for 62.16% of the total emissions. The standardized values of environmental impact types such as the photochemical ozone synthesis potential(POCP), terrestrial ecotoxicity potential(TETP), potential global warming effect potential(GWP), Marine ecotoxicity potential(MAETP), human toxicity potential(HTP), freshwater ecotoxicity potential(FAETP) and ozone depletion potential(ODP) cycles calculated from gaseous organic pollutant emissions of coal-fired power plants during the life cycle are 7.43×10~(-14), 9.05×10~(-17), 7.72×10~(-17), 5.21×10~(-17), 1.43×10~(-13), 4.13×10~(-16) and 3.21×10~(-18), respectively. Among them, POCP and human toxicity potential(HTP) are the most harmful types of environmental impact, accounting for 50.63% and 47.82% of the total potential value of environmental impact, respectively. Coal mining and washing and flue gas purification systems are the main contributors of POCP and HTP, respectively, and the change in coal consumption during the operation phase of the power plant has the greatest impact on the overall environment.