Research progress on hydrogen storage technology of biochar materials

hydrogen energy, as a rich, clean and efficient energy carrier, is of great significance for building a new energy system and achieving the goal of “Carbon Peaking and Carbon Neutrality”. The development of hydrogen storage technology is the key to promote the development of hydrogen energy industrialization. Carbon materials have become one of the most potential solid hydrogen storage carriers because of their excellent physical and chemical properties. The hydrogen storage mechanisms of carbon materials are mainly divided into physical adsorption, chemical adsorption, spillover mechanism and Kubas interaction. These four hydrogen storage mechanisms interact in the process of hydrogen storage. According to the physical and chemical properties of carbon materials such as specific surface area, pore structure and functional groups, the hydrogen storage characteristics show great differences. The hydrogen storage performance of carbon materials can be greatly improved by controlling the physical and chemical activation of carbon materials, metal and non-metal doping and multi-element co doping. Among them, the enhancement of metal doping is more significant due to its unique spillover mechanism and Kubas interaction. The hydrogen storage capacity can be increased about 6 times after metal doping at room temperature and atmospheric pressure. This paper systematically discussed the research progress of carbon materials in the field of hydrogen storage from the aspects of hydrogen storage mechanism, hydrogen storage characteristics of different types of carbon materials and modification of carbon materials, and summarized and prospected, aiming to provide theoretical basis and engineering guidance for the construction of efficient, low-cost, safe and reliable hydrogen storage system of carbon materials.