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    流化床加压富氧分级燃烧气固流动与燃烧特性模拟研究

    Development of a Kinetic Model and Investigation of Operating Characteristics for Staged Combustion in a Pressurized Oxy-Fuel Bubbling Fluidized Bed

    • 摘要: 煤粉分级加压富氧燃烧技术通过有序组织燃料热解、可燃物氧化与含氮组分还原,为控制氮氧化物排放问题提供了新的思路。该技术耦合了富燃流化床还原反应装置与焦炭柔和燃烧氧化反应装置,是一种新型的煤粉富氧低氮燃烧技术。本文聚焦煤粉分级加压富氧燃烧鼓泡流化床反应区,建立了涵盖煤粉热解、挥发分释放与燃烧、焦炭氧化、燃料氮迁移以及NO均相和异相还原的反应动力学模型。经鼓泡流化床相关试验数据验证,不同煤种、过量空气系数及压力条件下出口NO浓度的数值模拟误差均控制在±13.17%以内,表明该模型具有良好的预测精确性和普适性。与国内该领域常用的反应动力学模型相比,本研究提出的反应动力学模型预测的气态组分沿程分布较为稳定;该反应体系中,char-N转化是NO生成的主导途径,而NO均相与异相还原反应速率处于相近数量级。进一步的规律探索表明,相较于晋城无烟煤,神木烟煤NO排放较低,原因是其形成的还原性气氛更强,具有更好的NO还原能力。加压可显著降低NO排放,但存在边界效应:压力由0.1 MPa升至0.4 MPa时,出口NO摩尔分数降低85.92%;进一步升至1.2 MPa时仅降低22.74%。研究结果可为煤粉分级加压富氧燃烧运行参数调控及低NOx排放优化提供理论依据。

       

      Abstract: Staged pressurized oxy-fuel combustion of pulverized coal offers a novel approach to controlling nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions through the sequential organization of fuel pyrolysis, combustible oxidation, and nitrogen-containing species reduction. By integrating a fuel-rich fluidized-bed reduction reactor with a MILD char combustion oxidation reactor, this technology represents a novel low-NOx oxy-fuel combustion process for pulverized coal. A reaction kinetic model is developed for the fluidized reduction zone of the upstream bubbling fluidized bed in a staged pressurized oxy-fuel combustion system for pulverized coal. The model incorporates pulverized-coal pyrolysis, volatile release and combustion, char oxidation, fuel-nitrogen conversion and the homogeneous and heterogeneous reduction of NO. Experimental validation of the bubbling fluidized bed show the relative errors between the numerically predicted and measured outlet NO concentrations are controlled within ±13.17% for different coal types, excess air ratio and pressure, which indicates the model has good predictive accuracy and broad applicability. Comparison with kinetic models used by related studies in China indicates the model proposed by this paper predicts relatively stable axial distributions of gaseous species. In this reaction model, char-N conversion is the dominant pathway for NO formation, while the homogeneous and heterogeneous NO reduction rates are of comparable orders of magnitude. Further analysis shows that Shenmu bituminous coal produces lower NO emissions than Jincheng anthracite because it creates a stronger reducing atmosphere and consequently exhibited a greater NO reduction capacity. Pressurization significantly reduced NO emissions, though a diminishing marginal effect is observed: increasing the pressure from 0.1 to 0.4 MPa decreased the outlet NO mole fraction by 85.92%, while a further increase to 1.2 MPa resulted in a reduction of only 22.74%. These findings provide a theoretical basis for regulating the operating parameters and optimizing low-NOx emissions in staged pressurized oxy-fuel combustion of pulverized coal.

       

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