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    3MW氨/煤气无焰低氮燃烧数值模拟研究

    Numerical simulation study on flameless low-NOx combustion of ammonia/coal gas in a 3MW furnace

    • 摘要: 氨(NH3)是一种极具前景的零碳燃料,但需解决不易稳燃和NOx排放高等问题。NH3与高反应活性的焦炉煤气掺混,可提高燃料的反应活性,有助于实现钢铁行业碳减排目标。无焰燃烧可从源头抑制NOx生成,但NH3/焦炉煤气无焰燃烧的含氮污染物(NO、N2O和HCN)排放规律缺乏系统研究。对于氨燃料燃烧过程,氨本身亦可作为NOx的还原剂,NOx排放由NOx生成和选择性非催化还原(SNCR)机理共同控制。本文以3MW加热炉为对象,通过计算流体力学(CFD)模拟研究了NH3/焦炉煤气无焰燃烧空气喷嘴尺寸、当量比(Φ)、SNCR喷口位置和NH3还原剂流量(QNH3)等对含氮污染物(NO、N2O和HCN)排放和NH3逃逸的影响。数值模拟方法经过了实验验证。完成了NH3/焦炉煤气无焰燃烧器关键结构优化。研究表明,相较于传统有焰燃烧,NH3/焦炉煤气无焰燃烧能够降低含氮污染物排放约75%;进一步耦合SNCR技术,能够降低含氮污染物约84%。对于NH3/焦炉煤气,NO为主要含氮污染物,NO2浓度始终小于3 ppm;随着当量比增大(0.7-1),NO浓度从1483 ppm降低至172 ppm;而N2O先下降后上升,并在当量比为0.9时取得最小值29 ppm;在当量比为0.9时,随着空气射流速度提高,NO和N2O浓度均呈现先下降后上升的趋势;在空气速度为72 m/s时,含氮污染物排放取得最小值。对于氨燃料燃烧应用SNCR技术,SNCR喷口应设置在含氮污染物生成区域下游,适当远离NO生成峰值区域,且温度区间为1200-1400 K。随着NH3还原剂流量增加,NO浓度先上升后下降,而N2O浓度和NH3逃逸单调上升。本文研究了NH3/焦炉煤气无焰燃烧耦合SNCR技术的深度降氮特性,为氨燃料在工业加热炉的清洁高效燃烧利用提供了理论支撑。

       

      Abstract: Ammonia (NH3), a promising zero-carbon fuel, faces challenges of combustion instability and high NOx emissions. Blending NH3 with highly reactive coke oven gas for combustion enhances the reactivity of NH3, facilitating carbon emission reduction in the steel industry. Flameless combustion is effective in suppressing NOx formation; however, there are few systematic studies on nitrogenous pollutant emissions (NO, N2O and HCN) during the flameless combustion of NH3/coke oven gas fuels. For the combustion process of ammonia fuel, the fuel can be used as a reducing agent for NOx. NOx emissions are controlled by both NOx formation mechanisms and selective non-catalytic reduction (SNCR) mechanisms. In this paper, the effects of the air nozzle dimension, equivalence ratio (Φ), SNCR nozzle position, and the NH3 reductant flow rate (QNH3) on nitrogenous pollutant emissions (NO, N?O, and HCN) and NH3 escape during flameless combustion of NH?/coke oven gas are investigated using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations in a 3 MW heating furnace. The numerical simulation method has been experimentally validated. The key structure optimization of the NH3/coke oven gas flameless burner has been completed. The results indicate that compared to conventional flame combustion, flameless combustion of NH3/coke oven gas reduces nitrogenous pollutant emissions by approximately 75%. Further integration with SNCR technology can reduce nitrogenous pollutant emissions by approximately 84%. For NH3/coke oven gas, NO is the primary nitrogenous pollutant, with NO2 concentrations consistently below 3 ppm. With increasing equivalence ratio (0.7–1), NO concentration decreased from 1483 ppm to 172 ppm. N2O first decreases and then increases, reaching a minimum of 29 ppm at the equivalence ratio of 0.9. When the equivalence ratio is 0.9, both NO and N2O concentrations first decrease and then increase with increasing air jet velocity. The emission of nitrogenous pollutants reaches its minimum at the air velocity of 72 m/s. For ammonia combustion with SNCR technology, the SNCR nozzle should be positioned downstream of the nitrogenous pollutant formation zone, appropriately distant from the peak NO generation area, with the temperature range of 1200–1400 K. With increasing QNH3, NO concentration first increases then decreases, while N2O concentration and NH3 escape monotonically increase. This study investigates the deep nitrogen reduction characteristics of NH?/coke oven gas flameless combustion coupled with SNCR technology, providing theoretical support for the clean and efficient combustion utilization of ammonia fuel in industrial heating furnaces.

       

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